«In the Great Perfection, awareness plays a primary role in beings’ enlightenment, as well as their wandering in samsara, the crucial issue separating these two being whether or not awareness is “recognized” (ngoshes pa) for what it is. That is, if beings and their environments are in fact constituted of the same awareness, beings can either recognize that, or they can mistakenly view the world as containing external objects, absolutely separate from themselves as perceiving subjects. “Recognition,” then, is the simple act that leads to enlightenment. “Nonrecognition,” on the other hand, is the Seminal Heart’s version of the basic ignorance that Buddhists say afflicts all beings, causing them to divide up the world into factions, split between a “self’ that needs to be protected and “others” who become objects of attachment or hatred.» Hatchell, Christopher (2014). Naked Seeing The Great Perfection, the Wheel of Time, and Visionary Buddhism in Renaissance Tibet, pp. 56-57, Oxford University Press.