One of the problems with these theories is that notions of multiple intelligences and learning styles are not backed by any serious empirical evidence. If tailoring education to someone’s preferred learning style was to result in better learning outcomes, we should be able to establish that phenomenon in randomised controlled experiments that compare a condition where that tailoring is done (i.e., treatment condition) and a condition where that is not done (i.e., control condition). We have failed to f i nd such evidence, and for this and other reasons we should conclude that the notion of tailoring education to preferred learning styles resulting in better learning outcomes should be placed in the genre of science f i ction (e.g., Kirschner & Van Merriënboer, 2013; Leppink, 2017, 2019; Pashler, McDaniel, Rohrer, & Bjork 2008)