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LXC itself is a spiritual successor of OpenVZ. While OpenVZ is still around, mostly in the Redhat world with older kernels, LXC is the tool of choice for many who who wish to run a full operating system in a container. As such, LXC is more akin to true VMs and has to be handled much in the same way: software is installed by hand, updates have to be run, configuration management is much needed for keeping the madness at bay.
Docker on the other hand adopts a much different approach. Instead of running a VM-like container with a full software stack, including an init system, a syslog server, cron daemon and all the other stuff that one may have, it is built for running one application.