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Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)

2022 February 02
Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
Разумные дебаты в эпоху соцсетей и cancel culture

Ксения Лученко поговорила с Тимуром Атнашевым о том, что лежит в ядре этой исследовательской программы, можно ли с помощью Хабермаса осмыслить не только историю режимов публичности, но и современную цифровую коммуникацию и cancel culture.

https://colta.ru/articles/society/29381-kseniya-luchenko-intervyu-timur-atnashev-sbornik-nesovershennaya-publichnaya-sfera-istoriya-rezhimov-publichnosti-v-rossii
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Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
"Чем хуже работа, тем настойчивее требование любить ее"

Нам часто твердят, что человек должен "любить" свою работу иначе ему не добиться успеха и "личностного роста". В интервью oDR американская журналистка Сара Джаффе рассказывает о том, как любовь к работе становится новой формой эксплуатации и почему "страсть" на производстве не сможет заменить банальных трудовых прав.

https://www.opendemocracy.net/ru/sarah-jaffe-chem-huzhe-rabota-tem-nastoichivee-trebovanie-lubit-ee/
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2022 February 03
Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
Инфраструктура, замри!

Отрывок из книги «Проектировать беспорядок»

В наших городах не хватает хорошего, правильного, доброкачественного хаоса — уверены урбанисты Ричард Сеннет и Пабло Сендра. Публикуем отрывок из их книги, где излагаются общие резоны того, как и зачем строить общественные пространства в виде открытых систем и планировать инфраструктуры «в движении».

https://gorky.media/fragments/infrastruktura-zamri/
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Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
Lee Fang - How CNN, The New York Times, and other major media outlets monetize your data and lobby against regulations

The “surveillance advertising” industry makes online news possible.

In a filing last week, the Interactive Advertising Bureau, a trade group, reported it was lobbying against a push at the Federal Trade Commission to restrict the collection and sale of personal data for the purpose of delivering advertisements. The IAB represents both data brokers and online media outlets that depend on digital advertising, such as CNN, the New York Times, MSNBC, Time, U.S. News and World Report, the Washington Post, Vox, the Orlando Sentinel, Fox News, and dozens of other media companies.

https://theintercept.com/2022/02/01/surveillance-data-collection-ads-news-media/
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Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
G. A. Cohen - Rescuing Justice from Constructivism: Justice & Incentives

G. A. Cohen gives a talk called "Rescuing Justice from Constructivism: Justice & Incentives" in 2001.

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=pfQDrTe2dVE
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Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
Донна Харауэй - Расположен­ные знания. Вопрос науки в феминизме и преимущество частичной перспективы

Донна Харауэй (pод. 1944, Денвер, США) — американский теоретик феминизма, одна из основоположниц киберфеминизма и «нового материализма», центральная фигура в современной эпистемологии, феминистских исследованиях науки и технологий и постгуманизма.

https://cdn-static-garagemca.gcdn.co/storage/document/2/283/donna-harauey-raspolozhennye-znaniya-garage-digital.pdf
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Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
Alberto Toscano - Real Abstraction and the Critique of Juridical Ideology

The return of the figure of the people to the forefront of radical theorizing in France can be contextualized and complicated by contrasting it with the relative hostility or indifference to it in the ambit of la pensée soixante-huit. For a spell, the people was largely displaced by collective formations that sought to escape the nation-state cage of political modernity, notjust antagonistic conceptions of class, but all kinds of groups, movements, multiplicities, minorities, etc. This essay probes two theoretical episodes that can contribute to a critical archaeology of the people, namely Louis Althusser’s reading of Rousseau in the mid-1960s and Michel Foucault’s problematization of popular justice in the early 1970s.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OQ_191FhHzo
YouTube
Alberto Toscano_Part_2: "Real Abstraction and the Critique of Juridical Ideology"
Study Group 5 with Alberto Toscano
foreignobjekt.com

Readings:

Alberto Toscano, 'The Detour of Abstraction', Diacritics, special issue on Louis Althusser, 43. 2 (2015): 68-90

Excerpt:

There is a melancholy irony in the fact that Louis Althusser, a thinker much castigated in his own time for the abstract character of his Marxism, should have consigned his most pellucid reflections on the practical roots of abstraction to a manual of sorts that would never reach its imagined “popular” audience. Expertly edited by G. M. Goshgarian and insightfully introduced by Guillaume Sibertin-Blanc, Initiation à la philosophie pour les non-philosophes (1978, published in 2014) belongs to a series of book-length manuscripts unpublished in Althusser’s lifetime.1 As we learn from Goshgarian’s editorial notes, it is an integral redrafting of Être marxiste en philosophie (1976, published in 2015), which in turn can be regarded as the virtual second tome of Sur la reproduction (now published in English as On the Reproduction of Capitalism). That book had employed Althusser’s cherished image of the “detour” to explicate how correctly posing the question “What is philosophy?” from a Marxist standpoint necessarily required reconstructing a historical-materialist theory of ideology within which idealist philosophy could find its place and materialist philosophy its point of attack. The paradoxes and fetters of Althusser’s own philosophical practice are evident in the fact that what went unpublished were not abstruse speculative works or private aphorisms but didactic theoretical and political interventions, which include some of the French thinker’s most limpid as well as most playful prose.2 Their publication today, besides suggesting revisions to our image of Althusser, to how we periodize that inveterate periodizer, inserts itself into a vastly different political and intellectual conjuncture, one in which debates about the nature of abstraction intersect with a partial resurgence in Marxist theorizing.

Alberto Toscano, ‘A Just People, or Just the People? Althusser, Foucault and Juridical Ideology’, Consecutio Rerum. Rivista critica della postmodernità, V.8 (2020): 163-183

Abstract:
The return of the figure of the people to the forefront of radical theorizing in France can be contextualized and complicated by contrasting it with the relative hostility or indifference to it in the ambit of la pensée soixante-huit. For a spell, the people was largely displaced by collective formations that sought to escape the nation-state cage of political modernity, notjust antagonistic conceptions of class, but all kinds of groups, movements, multiplicities, minorities, etc. This essay probes two theoretical episodes that can contribute to a critical archaeology of the people, namely Louis Althusser’s reading of Rousseau in the mid-1960s and Michel Foucault’s problematization of popular justice in the early 1970s. In both we see how a critique of the modern (and Republican) figure of the people is accompanied by a militant anatomy of juridical ideology, and an effort to think forms of group formation and conflict irreducible to the dominant paradigms of political modernity.
Keywords: Louis Althusser; Michel Foucault; Juridical Ideology; People; Popular Justice.

Louis Althusser, Philosophy for Non-Philosophers, ed. and trans. G.M. Goshgarian, London: Bloomsbury.https://ca1lib.org/book/5206629/717566
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2022 February 04
Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
Sara Lagi - Democracy in Its Essence: Hans Kelsen as a Political Thinker  

Hans Kelsen is commonly associated with legal theory and philosophy of law. Democracy in Its Essence: Hans Kelsen as a Political Thinker instead investigates Kelsen’s democratic theory as it developed between the 1920s and 1950s, which challenged the existence of democracies in many different respects. Kelsen provided a critical reflection on the strengths and problems of living within a democratic system, while also defending it against a series of specific targets: from the Soviet regime and Bolshevism to European Fascisms, from religious-based conceptions of politics to those claiming a perfect identity between capitalism and classical liberal institutions, and chiefly against all those ideologies claiming to possess objective understanding of what true freedom and true democracy signify. By seeking what he defined as the “essence” and “value” of democracy, Kelsen elaborated a pluralist, relativist, constitutional, proceduralist, and liberal theory of representative democracy, characterized by a strong recall to the values of tolerance, responsibility, and respect toward “the other” as well as to the idea of politics as space for compromise. In this book, Sara Lagi reconstructs his political theory as a relevant contribution to the twentieth-century liberal-democratic tradition of thought, while representing a stimulating reflection on the meaning and implication of democracy both as a political system and as a form of co-existence.
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Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
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Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
Isaiah Berlin - The Impact of Marx on the 19th Century (1964)

Isaiah Berlin discusses Marx and Marx's influence on the 19th century as part of a 1964 conference at Stanford University.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GxkFehgVYyc
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Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
Frederic Lordon - Imperium: Structures and Affects of Political Bodies  

An investigation into what makes the consistency of political groupings What should we do with the ideals of internationalism, the withering away of state and horizontality? Probably start by thinking seriously about them. That is to say, about their conditions of possibility (or impossibility), rather than sticking to the wishful thinking which believes that for them to happen it is enough to want them. Humanity exists neither as a dust cloud of separate individuals nor as a unified world political community. It exists fragmented into distinct finite wholes, the forms of which have varied considerably throughout history the nation-state being only one among many, and certainly not the last. What are the forces that produce this fragmentation, engender such groupings and prevent them from being perfectly horizontal, but also lead them to disappear, merge, or change form? It is questions such as these that this book explores, drawing on Spinoza's political philosophy and especially his two central concepts of multitudo and imperium.
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Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
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Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
Isabella Weber - How China Escaped Shock Therapy

A story spanning thousands of years, there is far more to China's market reformation than many Western scholars might have you believe.

Isabella Weber discusses her new book on how China managed its transition from central planning to markets

https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=mpv2Xjfh9No
YouTube
How China Escaped Shock Therapy
A story spanning thousands of years, there is far more to China's market reformation than many Western scholars might have you believe.

Isabella Weber (UMass Amherst) discusses her new book on how China managed its transition from central planning to markets, available now: https://www.routledge.com/How-China-Escaped-Shock-Therapy-The-Market-Reform-Debate/Weber/p/book/9781032008493

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China has become deeply integrated into the world economy. Yet, gradual marketization has facilitated the country’s rise without leading to its wholesale assimilation to global neoliberalism. This book uncovers the fierce contest about economic reforms that shaped China’s path. In the first post-Mao decade, China’s reformers were sharply divided. They agreed that China had to reform its economic system and move toward more marketization—but struggled over how to go about it. Should China destroy the core of the socialist system through shock therapy, or should it use the institutions of the planned economy as market creators? With hindsight, the historical record proves the high stakes behind the question: China embarked on an economic expansion commonly described as unprecedented in scope and pace, whereas Russia’s economy collapsed under shock therapy. Based on extensive research, including interviews with key Chinese and international participants and World Bank officials as well as insights gleaned from unpublished documents, the book charts the debate that ultimately enabled China to follow a path to gradual reindustrialization. Beyond shedding light on the crossroads of the 1980s, it reveals the intellectual foundations of state-market relations in reform-era China through a longue durée lens. Overall, the book delivers an original perspective on China’s economic model and its continuing contestations from within and from without.
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Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
Pier Paolo Pasolini, Framed and Unframed: A Thinker for the Twenty-First Century

This cross-disciplinary volume, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Framed and Unframed, explores and complicates our understanding of Pasolini today, probing notions of otherness in his works, his media image, and his legacy. Over 40 years after his death Pier Paolo Pasolini continues to challenge and interest us, both in academic circles and in popular discourses. Today his films stand as lampposts of Italian cinematic production, his cinematic theories resonate broadly through academic circles, and his philosophical, essayistic, and journalistic writings-albeit relatively sparsely translated into other languages-are still widely influential. Pasolini has also become an image, a mascot, a face on tote bags, a graffiti image on walls, an adjective (pasolinian). The collected essays push us to consider and reconsider Pasolini, a thinker for the twenty-first century.
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Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
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Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
Ян Бурума - Когда деньги пахнут

На протяжении нескольких лет Амстердамский свободный университет исследовал тему соблюдения прав человека в Китае. В рамках этой работы, проводившейся университетским Центром межкультурных прав человека (CCHRC), исследователи посещали провинцию Синьцзян. Она печально знаменита массовыми заключениями, которым китайские власти подвергли более миллиона уйгуров и представителей других меньшинств, в основном мусульманских. CCHRC опубликовал результаты своих исследований в специальном издании, профинансированном Юго-Западным университетом политологии и права из китайского города Чунцин.

И поэтому было немного странно, но едва ли удивительно, когда один из голландских исследователей, Петер Певерелли, сообщил, что ничего предосудительного в Синьцзяне он не увидел. По его словам, регион был «просто чудесным», там «чудесные люди, захватывающая дух природа, прекрасная еда. И никакого принудительного труда, никакого геноцида, ничего такого, что выдумывает западная пресса». Свободный университете был вынужден признать, что что-то здесь не так.

https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/universities-media-financial-support-intellectual-independence-by-ian-buruma-2022-02/russian
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2022 February 05
Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
Борис Гройс - Социальное чувство минус гравитация есть коммунизм

Текст из сборника «Граждане космоса»

Впервые новые космические права человека были провозглашены радикальным русским авангардом еще раньше — постановкой оперы-мистерии «Победа над Солнцем» (1913), в создании которой приняли участие наиболее видные представители русского авангардного движения того времени — Михаил Матюшин, Алексей Крученых, Велимир Хлебников и Казимир Малевич. В этом произведении мы находим все темы русского космизма — взятие Солнца под арест и торжество революционного анархизма над традиционным космическим порядком. Можно было бы возразить, что идея бессмертия в опере не высказывается. Но написанное Алексеем Крученых либретто начинается диалогом: «Всё хорошо, что хорошо начинается! — А кончается? — Конца не будет!» Даже если индивидуум смертен, царству анархии не будет конца. И людям (по крайней мере, пленившим Солнце «будетлянским силачам») тоже не будет конца, ведь они сделали Солнце своим вечным пленником.

https://gorky.media/fragments/sotsialnoe-chuvstvo-minus-gravitatsiya-est-kommunizm/
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Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
William P. Jones - How to Repair the Planet

In Reconsidering Reparations, Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò makes the case for a political project with a global scope.

Olúfẹ́mi O. Táíwò’s new book, Reconsidering Reparations, advocates a “constructivist” view of reparations, by which he means that we should consider the future world we aim to create by repairing the damages and injustices of the past. Rather than envisioning a world in which slavery and imperialism did not exist, he urges us to acknowledge that they did and address their consequences. Táíwò’s approach departs from others in two important ways; first, whereas recent efforts have demanded reparations from national and even sub-national governments, the constructivist view is necessarily transnational and global in scope. Secondly, and perhaps most provocatively, climate justice becomes necessary and essential to the reparations agenda.

https://www.dissentmagazine.org/online_articles/how-to-repair-the-planet
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Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
Byung-Chul Han - What is Power?  

Power is a pervasive phenomenon yet there is little consensus on what it is and how it should be understood. In this book the cultural theorist Byung-Chul Han develops a fresh and original perspective on the nature of power, shedding new light on this key feature of social and political life. Power is commonly defined as a causal relation: an individual’s power is the cause that produces a change of behaviour in someone else against the latter’s will. Han rejects this view, arguing that power is better understood as a mediation between ego and alter which creates a complex array of reciprocal interdependencies. Power can also be exercised not only against the other but also within and through the other, and this involves a much higher degree of mediation. This perspective enables us to see that power and freedom are not opposed to one another but are manifestations of the same power, differing only in the degree of mediation. This highly original account of power will be of great interest to students and scholars of philosophy and of social, political and cultural theory, as well as to anyone seeking to understand the many ways in which power shapes our lives today.
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Политическая теория и философия (Political theory and philosophy)
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