Pan-African climate variability during the last ∼620 ky. (A) Orbital eccentricity (Left) and precession (Right) (59). (B) Average PC1 loadings derived from the pwPCA. (C) PC1 derived from the pwPCA. n = number of datasets used in each iteration. (D) Comparison between PC1 and the SST gradient (ΔSST; red line) between eastern Pacific Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 806 (32) and western Pacific Ocean ODP Site 846 (33). Designation of El Niño– and La Niña–like conditions follows ref. 30. Breakpoints and their error bounds of PC1 (black boxes), ENSO (red boxes), and Earth´s eccentricity (gray boxes) are marked.