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если помните, не так давно банки пугали отключением от SWIFT. Ложечки в итоге нашлись, но осадочек остался
Third, it is costly(про bank-transactions). For consumers, typical transaction fees are between 10% and 20% of the transaction sum; businesses must go through brokers, which take a 2% to 5% fee. A number of blockchain activities are underway in the international payment space today. A company called Abra reduces the transaction fees down to .03% per transaction. Abra users are also not required to have a bank account to use the service.
Applying DLT across international payments, as well as in other financial use cases, such as post-trade clearing and settlement, also helps eliminate fraud within the system.
Singapore is an example of a country working on eliminating invoice fraud among banks by granting each invoice a unique cryptographic hash that banks share, so that if another bank registers a duplicate invoice (without the unique key), the entire system is alerted.
The British arm of Spanish bank Santander (U.K.) is piloting among staff a blockchain- enabled international payment application. It incorporates Apple iOS’s Touch ID technology for users to biometrically secure transfers between
worldwide, including
from British pounds to Euros (sendable to 21 countries) and U.S. dollar payments to the
£10 and £10,000. Payments can be made
United States only. Numerous other blockchain-enabled remittance startups are emerging China’s BitSpark, Africa’s BitPesa, and Mexico’s Volabit, among others.
Scores of large financial institutions worldwide are investing in blockchain talent, initiatives, and consortia to target these use cases. Some include Bank of America, Wells Fargo, Credit Suisse, and Banco Santander, as well as financial groups from large manufacturers like Toyota and Mitsubishi.
One such financial institution, which wished to remain anonymous in this write-up, is working to pilot this process in the area of documentary trade, specifically in how letters of credit are communicated between counterparties with complete visibility into the real-time status of transaction, creating an immutable and auditable database for all transactions between four parties, each serving as a node. This financial institution’s pilot eliminated the need for SWIFT entirely.
“We are a leader in this instrument within the trade finance industry and so we feel we have a great responsibility to look into the opportunity around this because there is a lot of room for optimization,” explains the project lead, who preferred anonymity. “Today, the process of documentary credit uses disparate systems for applying, issuing, advising, creating presentations, checking data, and payment. It's like we're still issuing checks while the rest of the world has moved on to wire transfer and mobile payment. But the need for documentary trade—buyers not wanting to pay suppliers before they have their goods and suppliers not wanting to release goods until they have their payments—isn't going away. Documentary trade is an old industry that still relies on paper, industry expertise, and lots of fine print to make sure counterparties are doing what they need to do. There is incredible opportunity to make errors in the current method; if one item is misspelled, if a supplier ships a day late... The more we can get everyone creating data at source and sharing over one system, the more efficient the system can be. Blockchain creates a distributed system in which, using individual API layers would enable us to pull data from many systems, corporates, carriers, banks, etc. and interact with that information in a far more practical and secure way.”
On the commodities trading side, current paperwork to process oil sales and shipments is still very archaic. The Brent Crude derivative, for instance, consists of just four physical crude oils worldwide: Brent, Forties, Ekofisk, and Oseberg (BFOE). Swiss-based commodity trader, Mercuria, expects this entire market to adopt blockchain-enabled payment by the end of 2017, and in the process, achieve cost savings of some 30%.